NIOS Class 10 Science and Technology Syllabus: Latest Curriculum & Chapter List
NIOS Class 10 Science and Technology Subject Syllabus (Code 212)
NIOS Syllabus Class 10 Science and Technology
Curriculum for Science and Technology at Secondary Level
|
Name of the Modules |
No. of lessons |
Mark Allotted for Modules |
|
Module 1: Measurements in Science |
1 |
04 |
|
Module 2: Matter in our Surroundings |
7 |
22 |
|
Module 3: Moving Things |
3 |
07 |
|
Module 4: Energy |
7 |
15 |
|
Modules 5: The Living World |
7 |
15 |
|
Module 6: Natural Resources |
3 |
10 |
|
Module 7: Humans and Environment |
4 |
12 |
|
Total |
32 |
85 |
COURSE STRUCTURE :
Module 1: Measurement in Science [ 
Marks: 04 ]
Unit 1.1 Measurement in Science & Technology
Need for measurement, precision and accuracy ; units of measurements: SI units, derived units, multiples and submultiples, correct way of expressing units, measurement of length, mass and time, least count and range of some common measuring devices (General discussion), meter scale, measuring tape, measuring cylinder, pan balance, stop watch, quartz clock.
Module 2: Matter in Our Surroundings [ Marks: 22 ]
Unit 2.1 Matter in Our Surroundings
* What is matter
* Particulate nature of matter
* States of matter-Solid, Liquid and Gas. Inter conversion of states
* Effect of factors like pressure and temperature on states of matter
* Elements, compounds and mixture
* Homogeneous and Heterogeneous mixtures
* Solutions and concentration of solutions (percentage)
* Suspensions (brief)
* Separation of mixtures /purification
Unit 2.2 Atoms and Molecules
* Laws of Chemical Combination- Law of Conservation of mass and Law of Constant Proportions
* Dalton Atomic Theory
* Atoms and molecules, elements and symbols (representation of molecule by using a formula)
* Atomic and molecular masses
* Mole concept
* Avogrado number
* Molar Mass
Unit 2.3 Chemical Reaction and Equations
* Writing Chemical Equation
* Balancing of Chemical Equation
* Significance of balanced chemical equation in terms of mass, mole and volume.
Type of Reactions
* Combination
* Decomposition
* Displacement/ double displacement
* Oxidation and reduction (Redox Reaction),(Corrosion and Rancidity)
Unit 2.4 Atomic Structure
* Charged particles in matter
* Structure of an atom
* Thomson model-drawbacks
* Rutherford Model- drawbacks
* Bohr Model (elementary idea)
* Neutrons
Distribution of Electrons in Various Shells
* Concept of valency
* Atomic number and mass number
* Concept of isotopes and isobars
* Average/fractional atomic mass
Unit 2.5 Periodic Classification of Elements
* Early efforts at classifying elements
* Mendeleev’s Periodic Table - limitation
* Modern Periodic table
* Periodicity of properties- atomic size and metallic character
Unit 2.6 Chemical Bonding
* Noble gas configuration as stable configuration
* Combination of elements through transfer of electrons-ionic bonds
* Some common properties of ionic substances
* Combination of elements through sharing of electrons-covalent bonds
* Single, double and triple bonds, depiction through Lewis –dot formulae
* Some common properties of covalent substances
Unit 2.7 Acids, Bases and Salts
* Understanding Acids and Bases (Arrhenius)
* pH and its importance in every day life.
* Salts as product of reactions between acids and bases.
* Commonly used salts – washing soda, baking soda, Plaster of Paris, bleaching powder.
Module 3: Moving Things [ Marks: 07 ]
Unit 3.1 Motion and its Description
The concept of motion, examples of different types of motion- translational, rotational and oscillatory. Uniform and non-uniform motion (in one dimension only). Distance and displacement; speed, average speed, velocity and acceleration. Graphical representation of motion - distance-time and speed-time graphs. Equations of motion and their uses. Uniform circular motion (qualitative idea only)
Unit 3.2 Force and Motion
Force and motion. First law of motion, inertia. Concept of momentum. Second law of motion. Conservation of momentum. Third law of motion - action and reaction. Friction, Advantages and disadvantages of friction. Thrust and pressure.
Unit 3.3 Gravitation
Force of gravitation. Gravitational law; acceleration due to gravity; mass and weight. Motion of an object under gravity in one dimension. Free fall and weightlessness. Buoyancy and Archimedes principle.
Module 4: Energy [ Marks: 15 ]
Unit 4.1 Sources of Energy
Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy. Sun is the main source of energy. Fossil fuels, water, wind, nuclear, biomass (petro crops), energy from sea, geothermal energy and nuclear energy (fission and fusion). Energy crisis – approaches mitigation and of energy conservation.
Unit 4.2 Work and Energy
Work done by a force; relation between work and energy; unit of energy; various types of energy-mechanical (kinetic and potential); thermal, light, sound, electrical, chemical and nuclear, power and its unit; transformation and conservation of energy with examples.
Unit 4.3 Thermal Energy
Thermal energy and temperature. Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases; change of state and latent heat; specific heat (qualitative idea). Measurement of temperature.
Unit 4.4 Light Energy
Reflection of light - image formation by a plane and a spherical mirror; mirror formula (no derivation); applications of mirrors. Refraction of light, formation of image by a lens (qualitative idea only), lens formula. (no derivation); magnification of image and power of lens. Use of lenses in correcting defects of vision(near and far). Dispersion of light through glass prism and spectrum of white light. Scattering of light – applications in daily life.
Unit 4.5 Electrical Energy
Electrical charges. Electrostatic potential and electric current. Ohm’s law; resistances in series and parallel. Heating effect of electric current –its applications, commercial unit of electric energy and electric power.
Unit 4.6 Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
Magnets and magnetic field, field lines. Magnetic effect of electric current (qualitative idea only). Magnetic field due to a current carrying solenoid; electromagnet, electric bell. Force on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction. Direct current and alternating current. Frequency of AC. Advantages of AC over DC. Basic concept of electric circuits(domestic). Hazards of electricity and safety measures.
Unit 4.7 Sound and Communication
Waves – nature and characteristics of waves, transverse and longitudinal, different types of waves – mechanical (Sound) and electromagnetic waves, propagation, characteristics of sound, reflection of sound (SONAR) Communications – basic mechanism, use of waves in communication, different devices used in communication, use of satellite in communication.
Module 5: The Living World [ Marks: 15 ]
Unit 5.1 Classification of Living Organism
Classification-five kingdoms (up to division for plants and up to phylum level for animals), up to classes for vertebrates, nomenclature: Linnaeus, genus, species (with examples). Concept of biodiversity, levels of biodiversity, patterns of diversity (global and Indian).
Unit 5.2 History of Life on Earth
* Prebiotic earth conditions, origin of life and its diversification
* Evolution: Darwin’s contributions, (Darwin’s theory), Neo-Darwinism, major events in the history of life (Geological eras and associated events), Human evolution.
Unit 5.3 Building Blocks of Life - Cell and Tissue
* Cell as a basic unit of living organisms. Plant and animal cells
* Biomolecules - DNA, RNA& protein synthesis
* Cell structure: organelles and their functions
* Brief idea of cell division
* Cell to tissues- Plant and animal tissues and their functions.
* Brief idea of stem cell technology and its use.
Unit 5.4 Life Process I: Nutrition, Transportation, Respiration and Excretion
Necessity of energy for living, harnessing energy by photosynthesis, heterotrophy as a mode of nutrition, nutritional disorders of humans and concept of balanced diet, respiration- basic process- organs (lungs and gills), basics of circulation (transport) (both plants and animals) and excretion. Technological advances in medical diagnosis and treatment: ECG & Dialysis.
Unit 5.5 Life Processes II: Control and Coordination
* Nervous system (brain, spinal cord, neurons, nerves),
* Major endocrine glands and their secretions, functions, hormone deficiency disorders.
* Sense organs-vision, hearing and taste, eye as a camera.
Unit 5.6 Life Processes III: Reproduction
Reproduction in plants and animals, asexual and sexual reproduction, tissue culture and cloning, basic facts of human reproduction, Family planning, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV and AIDS.
Unit 5.7 Heredity
Mendelian inheritance, chromosomes, genes- DNA replication, sex determination, blood groups, brief account of human genome, hereditary disorders, genetic engineering, genetic counseling.
Module 6: Natural Resources [ Marks: 10 ]
Unit 6.1 Air and Water
* Composition of air as mixture of various gases
* Air Pollution
* Sources of water
* Potable water
* Water pollution
* Conservation and harvesting of water.
Unit 6.2 Metals and Non-metals
* Physical properties of metals and non-metal
* Chemical properties of metals-reactions of metals with oxygen, water and with common acids and bases
* Reaction of non-metals with oxygen
* Reactivity series of metals
* Uses of metals and non-metals
Unit 6.3 Carbon and its Compounds
* Carbon:constituent of all living matter
* Allotropic forms of carbon
* Oxides of carbon (CO & CO2)
* Catenation properties of carbon-(Chains, branches and rings).
* Sources of hydrocarbons
* Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
* Homologous series
* Some other common functional groups
* Nomenclature
* Useful compounds of carbon (Ethanol and Acetic acid)
Module 7: Humans and Environment [ Marks: 12 ]
Unit 7.1 Natural Environment
Ecosystem component - Abiotic, biotic, adaptation of organisms, ecosystem processes- energy flow, food webs, nutrients cycling (Nitrogen, Carbon), water cycle, Population interactions, population growth. Ecosystem: Aquatic and terrestrial, Ecosystem services (food production, pollination, soil fertility, nutrient cycling, waste management), fuel, timber, fibre, medicines.
Unit 7.2 Human Impact on Environment
Regional: causes and consequences of air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, deforestation: causes and consequences waste management.
Global: global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, photochemical smog.
Natural disasters: causes and consequences and its management of Landslides, cloudbursts, earthquakes, floods, Tsunami, cyclone, fire and their management.
Unit 7.3 Food Production
Agriculture (practices, food crops, weed control and pest management, storage), fisheries, animal husbandry, live stock management, animal breeding. Role of technology and biotechnology in food production.
Unit 7.4 Health and Hygiene
Communicable and non-communicable diseases, causes, mode of transmission, symptoms, prevention and control (influenza, tuberculosis, malaria, dengue, amoebiasis).
Health disorders caused by environmental pollution.
* Immunization, first Aid
* Diagnostic tools for detecting human disease and disorder-ray, MRI and Ultrasound.
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